- RAF Blackgang -


RAF Blackgang was created to provide a Ground Controlled Interception function and used the Type 8F as shown below. The station was certainly working effectively by 1942 and operated entirely independently from nearby RAF St,Lawrence and RAF Ventnor. It is believed that a mobile CHL Type 2 was in use there in March 1943. The Type 8 provided heights by the beam splitting technique but a Type 13 was later installed to do that. In 1945 a Type 21 centrimetric radar was also in use and the station belonged to the Nether Wallop Sector Control, its parent station being Tangmere.

Type 8F GCI Radar

The mode of operation was thus. Targets indentified by the various CH stations were 'filtered' and the location of suitable enemy subjects passed to a 'Sector Control'. They handed on the target to the GCI station most likely to have it in range. That station found the target on its own radar and called up a defending aircraft directly on the newly invented and highly effective two-way VHF radio. As the GCI could also see the fighter on it's radar the Controller could direct it to the target. Several fighters were allocated to work with each GCI station and often one or two would be in the air close by in anticipation of business. Some of our two-man nightfighters were equipped with their own short range radar so that they could conclude the interception, but in the early days it was far from perfect. The Type 8 radar could rotate through 360 degrees but did not turn continuously as it was 'powered' by two men operating a bicycle type drive mechanism within the cabin, and they would halt the cabin on the bearing of the target. Furthermore two Type 8 units were required as one transmitted and one received, so the two had to be kept exactly aligned on the same bearing and that was difficult in any worthwhile breeze.

A GCI operated on a 24 hour basis apart from a one hour maintenance period. Due to mounting losses the Germans sought out the locations of the GCI stations and by monitoring the transmissions they discovered by their regular hourly breaks when these maintenance sessions took place. On the first of June 1943 Blackgang was attacked during the maintenance period but the bombs were aimed at the nearby buildings in Niton and not at the equipment on the clifftop. Three Trinity House lighthouse keepers were killed and also two soldiers. All the RAF personnel were billeted in Niton and Sheila Barnard an LACW WAAF who was just leaving The Buddle Inn was, incredible though it sounds, brushed aside and knocked over by a horiziontally moving bomb suffering no worse than a severely fractured arm, the bomb exploding 200 yards further on.

RAF Blackgang ceased operational use in August 1945 but continued for a while on a Care & Maintenance basis.

Along with a couple of concrete foundations of former buildings this is all that remains today:-

RAF Blackgang building

This excellent Google Earth picture shows the current state perfectly.

Google Earth picture

The site is a half mile from the sea above St.Catherines and is 470 feet above sea level. The map reference is SZ505766 and the site may be reached by a short footpath (NT33) to the south from the Military Road at the extreme westerly edge of Niton by the speed restriction sign.

 

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Text & colour photograph (c) 2006 D.C.Adams

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